Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Calving operation produces at least 120 calves/season

Diabetes

Age 30–70

Smoking in the past year (chewing tobacco OK)

Current cancer or in remission less than 3 years

Autoimmune disease

Inflammatory condition (e.g., gout, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis)

Corticosteroids in past 3 months

Bisphosphonate use