Table 1 Baseline characteristics of experimental specimen. Volume refers to specimen volume after milling. Curvature indicates the longitudinal bending of the sample measured by central angulation. t0 is before the 7 days incubation period, t1 after. CT radiodensity describes the mean attenuation of the whole sample volume and a cement only section

Sample Volume [cm³]

t0

31.2 (1.5)

31.1 (1.5)

31.1 (1.2)

t1

31.3 (1.5)

31.4 (1.5)

31.5 (1.2)

Sample Mass [g]

t0

38.6 (2.2)

42.7 (2.3)

41.2 (2.0)

t1

38.4 (2.1)

42.9 (2.3)

41.3 (2.0)

BC Mass

t0

38.6 (2.2)

36.9 (2.1)

37.2 (1.5)

t1

38.4 (2.1)

37.1 (2.1)

37.6 (1.7)

Reinforcement Mass [g]

t0

5.8 (0.4)

3.8 (0.5)

Sample Density [g/cm³]

t0

1.234 (0.033)

1.371 (0.045)

1.325 (0.035)

t1

1.228 (0.020)

1.366 (0.040)

1.313 (0.033)

BC Density [g/cm³]

t0

1.234 (0.033)

1.211 (0.038)

1.323 (0.022)

t1

1.228 (0.020)

1.225 (0.022)

1.136 (0.019)

Sample Curvature t0 [°]

t0

0.4 (0.2)

2.0 (1.8)

2.3 (1.5)

t1

0.7 (0.4)

2.2 (2.0)

2.3 (1.5)

Sample CT radiodensity [HU]

1789 (55)

2314 (63)

2121 (38)

BC CT radiodensity [HU]

1789 (55)

1946 (67)

1960 (49)